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1.
Appl. cancer res ; 40: 1-13, Oct. 19, 2020. ilus
Article in English | LILACS, Inca | ID: biblio-1283485

ABSTRACT

Background: Cell culture (spheroid and 2D monolayer cultures) is an essential tool in drug discovery. Piperlongumine (PLN), a naturally occurring alkaloid present in the long pepper (Piper longum), has been implicated in the regulation of GSTP1 activity. In vitro treatment of cancer cells with PLN increases ROS (reactive oxygen species) levels and induces cell death, but its molecular mode of action has not been entirely elucidated. Methods: In this study, we correlated the antiproliferative effects (2D and 3D cultures) of PLN (CAS 20069­09-4, Sigma-Aldrich) with morphological and molecular analyses in HepG2/C3A cell line. We performed assays for cytotoxicity (MTT), comet assays for genotoxicity, induction of apoptosis, analysis of the cell cycle phase, and analysis of the membrane integrity by flow cytometry. Relative expression of mRNA of genes related to proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle control, metabolism of xenobiotics, and reticulum endoplasmic stress. Results: PLN reduced the cell proliferation by the cell cycle arrest in G2/M. Changes in the mRNA expression for CDKN1A (4.9x) and CCNA2 (0.5x) of cell cycle control genes were observed. Cell death occurred due to apoptosis, which may have been induced by increased expression of proapoptotic mRNAs (BAK1, 3.1x; BBC3, 2.4x), and by an increase in 9 and 3/7 active caspases. PLN induced cellular injury by ROS generation and DNA damage. DNA damage induced MDM2 signaling (3.0x) associated with the appearance of the monastral spindle in mitosis. Genes associated with ROS degradation also showed increased mRNA expression (GSR, 2.0x; SOD1, 2.1x). PLN induce endoplasmic reticulum stress with the increase in the mRNA expression of ERN1 (4.5x) and HSPA14 (2.2x). The xenobiotic metabolism showed increased mRNA expression for CYP1A2 (2.2x) and CYP3A4 (3.4x). In addition to 2D culture, PLN treatment also inhibited the growth of 3D culture (spheroids). Conclusion: Thus, the findings of our study show that several gene expression biomarkers (mRNAs) and monastral spindle formation indicated the many pathways of damage induced by PLN treatment that contributes to its antiproliferative effects


Subject(s)
Humans , RNA, Messenger/drug effects , Cell Death/drug effects , Cell Culture Techniques , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Dioxolanes/pharmacology , Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Biomarkers/analysis , Gene Expression/drug effects , Spheroids, Cellular/drug effects , Hep G2 Cells/drug effects
2.
Braz. arch. biol. technol ; 63: e20190395, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1132237

ABSTRACT

Abstract The α-tomatine is a steroidal glycoalkaloid found in immature tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum) that has important biological functions including the inhibition of cancer cell growth and preventing metastasis. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of α-tomatine on cytotoxicity, cellular proliferation, apoptosis, and mRNA expression of APC, CCNA2, β-catenin, CASP9, BAK, BAX and BCL-XL in colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line HT-29. HT29 cells were treated with three concentrations of α-tomatine (0.1, 1 and 10 µg/mL), although only the 1 µg/mL concentration of α-tomatine was used to evaluate genetic expression patterns by real time-PCR. Results showed that α-tomatine was cytotoxic only at the 10 µg/mL concentration. Cell proliferation was significantly inhibited after the first 24 hours of treatment only with concentrations of 10 µg/mL. In contrast, there were no significant differences in apoptosis for any treatment. In the gene expression studies, only APC expression was significantly altered by α-tomatine treatment. In conclusion, α-tomatine has antiproliferative activity in the first 24h of treatment, does not induce apoptosis in this cell line and causes disruption of cell membranes, thereby increasing the expression of APC gene related to cell cycle.


Subject(s)
Tomatine/pharmacology , Apoptosis/drug effects , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , RNA, Messenger , Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology , Adenocarcinoma/pathology , Gene Expression , HT29 Cells , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
3.
Semina cienc. biol. saude ; 37(1): 43-52, jan.-jun. 2016. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-836596

ABSTRACT

The α-tomatine is a glycoalkaloid found in immature tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculetum). Currently, α-tomatine has shown anticancer effects due to its anti-proliferative property. Stressors are one of the factors contributing to the antiproliferative activity of α-tomatine that can modify cellular homeostasis.Among the cell stressors are the endoplasmic reticulum stress response elements, which can be alteredleading to cell death. In the course of this study, we verified the expression of genes involved in the stress response of the endoplasmic reticulum in HepG2/C3A cells. The α-tomatine reduced the viability of HepG2/C3A cells in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, we selected 2µg/mL of α-tomatine (62% incell viability) to evaluate the gene expressions. After 24 hours of exposure to α-tomatine, the level of HSPA5 transcripts was reduced. The HSPA5 chaperone reduced marker is an indicative of homeostasisunbalance with the consequent lack of cellular resistance and, probably, cell death. Our results indicate the involvement of oxidative stress mechanisms in the death of HepG2/C3A cells exposed to α-tomatine.


A α-tomatina é um glicoalcaloide encontrado no tomate imaturo (Lycopersicon esculetum). Atualmente,a α-tomatina tem mostrado efeito anticancerígeno devido sua propriedade antiproliferativa. O estresse celular é um dos fatores que contribui para a atividade antiproliferative da α-tomatina que pode modificara homeostase celular. Entre os estressores celulares esta os elementos de resposta ao estresse do retículo endoplasmático, que podem ser alterados, levando à morte celular. No decorrer deste estudo, verificamos que a expressão de genes envolvidos na resposta ao estresse do retículo endoplasmático em célulasHepG2/C3A. A α-tomatina reduziu a viabilidade das células HepG2/C3A de forma dose-dependente.Assim, selecionamos a concentração de 2μg/mL de α-tomatina (viabilidade celular de 62%) para avaliara expressão gênica. Após 24 horas de exposição a α-tomatina, o nível de transcrição de HSPA5 foireduzido. A redução de HSPA5 é um indicativo de desequilíbrio da homeostase, com a consequente falta de resistência celular e, provavelmente, a morte celular. Nossos resultados indicam o envolvimento de mecanismos de estresse oxidativo na morte de células HepG2/C3A exposto a α-tomatina e mostram a eficácia do sistema como um futuro candidato para os estudos de terapia de câncer.


Subject(s)
Humans , Homeostasis , Oxidative Stress , Tomatine
4.
Rev. Col. Bras. Cir ; 41(4): 278-284, Jul-Aug/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-724117

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the impact of the new technology of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) in improving the accuracy and early diagnosis of BSBI. METHODS: patients with blunt small bowel injuries (BSBI) grade> I were identified retrospectively and their CT scans reviewed by an experienced radiologist. Clinical and tomographic findings were analyzed and patients grouped as "pre-MDCT" and "post-MDCT", according to the time of implementation of a 64-slice MDCT. RESULTS: of the 26 patients with BSBI 16 had CT scans. Motor vehicle collision (62.5%) was the most frequent mechanism of injury. In the pre-MDCT period, five of the 13 patients (38.5%) had abdominal CT, and in the post-MDCT, 11 of 13 patients (84.6%) had the exam. During pre-MDCT, all CT scans were abnormal with findings of pneumoperitoneum (60%), free fluid (40%) and bowel wall enhancement (20%). In the post-MDCT group, all exams but one were abnormal and the most frequent findings were free fluid (90.9%), bowel wall enhancement (72.7%), and pneumoperitoneum (54.5%). However, the rate of delayed laparotomy did not change. The mortality rate in both groups were similar, with 20% during pre-MDCT and 18.2% during post-MDCT. CONCLUSION: the use of MDCT in abdominal trauma in our service has increased the sensibility of the diagnosis, but has had no impact on outcome so far. .


OBJETIVO: avaliar se o avanço tecnológico dos aparelhos de tomografia computadorizada (TC) melhorou a acurácia e rapidez no diagnóstico dessas lesões. MÉTODOS: pacientes com lesão de intestino delgado grau>I (AAST-OIS) por trauma contuso foram identificados e suas imagens de TC analisadas por especialista. Foram analisados achados clínicos e tomográficos agrupando os pacientes em antes e após o uso da TC multislice 64 canais, incorporada em nosso Serviço em abril de 2009. RESULTADOS: Dentre os 26 pacientes identificados entre 2005 e 2012, 16 realizaram TC. Acidente automobilístico (62,5%) foi o principal mecanismo de trauma. No período pré-multislice, cinco dentre 13 pacientes (38,5%) realizaram TC e no pós-multislice 11 de 13 (84,6%). No grupo pré-multislice todos os exames foram alterados, sendo os principais achados pneumoperitônio (60%), liquido livre (40%) e espessamento da parede intestinal (20%). No grupo pós-multislice apenas um exame foi considerado normal e os achados mais frequentes nos outros 10 casos foram: líquido livre (90,9%), espessamento da gordura do mesentério (72,7%) e pneumoperitônio (54,5%). Não foi observada mudança no intervalo de tempo entre a realização de TC e a laparotomia. A mortalidade em ambos os grupos foi semelhante (20% no pré-multislice e 18,2% no pós-multislice). CONCLUSÃO: O uso de tomografia multislice aumentou a sensibilidade do diagnóstico, porém sem alteração na evolução dos pacientes. .


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Ileum/injuries , Ileum , Jejunum/injuries , Jejunum , Multidetector Computed Tomography , Multiple Trauma , Wounds, Nonpenetrating
5.
Acta sci., Health sci ; 35(2): 201-210, jul. -dez. 2013.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-833986

ABSTRACT

Chlorophyllin, a sodium-copper salt synthesized from chlorophyll, has already proved to have anticlastogenic, antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic activity, however few are the studies in the teratogenicity area. The present study evaluated the effects of chlorophyllin in intra- uterine development of mice exposed or not to cyclophosphamide. Pregnant females were divided into 8 groups of 15 animals each, G01 - PBS (0.1 mL 10.0-1 g) orally; G02 ­ cyclophosphamide (20.0 mg kg-1) i.p.; G03, G04 and G05 - chlorophyllin at concentrations of (5.0, 10.0 and 15.0 mg kg-1) orally; G06, G07 and G08 (5.0, 10.0 and 15.0 mg kg -1) orally, of chlorophyllin, respectively, and (20.0 mg kg-1) i.p. of cyclophosphamide. In the 18th day the females were submitted to laparotomy and females and fetuses analyzed. The results showed that the chlorophyllin was not effective in protecting the reproductive parameters as well as teratogenicity. Finally, it was observed that the presence of chlorophyllin increased the frequency of some malformations when combined with cyclophosphamide. However, it was not teratogenic and not embryo lethal in this experimental design.


Clorofilina é um sal de cobre e sódio sintetizado a partir da clorofila. Provou-se ter atividade anticlastogênica, antimutagênica e anticarcinogênica. No entanto, poucos são os estudos sobre esta substância na área de teratologia. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho avaliou os efeitos da clorofilina no desenvolvimento intrauterino de camundongos expostos ou não à ciclofosfamida. Para tal, fêmeas prenhez foram divididas em oito grupos experimentais contendo 15 animais cada: G01 - PBS (0,1 mL 10.0-1 g) via oral; G02 - ciclofosfamida (20,0 mg kg-1), intraperitoneal; G03, G04 e G05 - clorofilina em concentrações de (5,0; 10,0 e 15,0 mg kg-1) via oral; G06, G07 e G08 (5,0, 10,0 e 15,0 mg kg-1) via oral, de clorofilina, respectivamente, e 20,0 mg kg-1, via intraperitoneal, de ciclofosfamida. No 18º dia de gestação, os animais foram submetidos à laparotomia e os fetos, analisados para parâmetros teratogênicos. Os resultados mostraram que a clorofilina não foi eficaz para proteger os parâmetros reprodutivos, bem como a teratogenicidade. Finalmente, foi observado que a clorofilina quando combinada com a ciclofosfamida aumentou a frequência de algumas malformações. No entanto, a clorofilina não se apresentou teratogênica e nem letal para este desenho experimental.


Subject(s)
Pregnancy , Antimutagenic Agents , Anticarcinogenic Agents , Teratogenesis , Food Additives
6.
Semina cienc. biol. saude ; 33(1): 11-20, jan.-jun. 2012.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-678662

ABSTRACT

Estudos epidemiológicos mostram que a ingestão de alimentos ricos em isoflavonas (fitoestrógenos), como a soja, confere proteção contra vários tipos de câncer, o que aumenta o interesse científico e popular sobre esses compostos. No presente estudo, os fitoestrógenos de extrato de soja foram testados quanto aos efeitos genotóxicos e modulador de benzo [a] pireno e bleomicina. Dois fitoestrogênios foram avaliados in vitro, o fitoestrógenos “A” foi fornecido pela Embrapa-Soja, Londrina - PR, e o fitoestrógenos “B” foi comprado em uma farmácia de manipulação local. Os métodos utilizados foram o teste do Cometa (genotoxicidade e antigenotoxicidade) e teste do Micronúcleo com Bloqueio Citocinese mutagenicidade) em células de hepatoma de rato (HTC celulares). As isoflavonas foram testadas em três concentrações pré-estabelecidas pelo ensaio de citotoxidade MTT. Ambos os extratos de isoflavonas não mostraram efeitos genotóxicos no ensaio do cometa, mas mostraram indução de micronúcleo. Na avaliação dos fitoestrogênios para um efeito modulador, ambos os extratos fitoestrogênios mostraram efeito antigenotóxico no ensaio do cometa.


Epidemiologic studies show that the intake of foods rich in isoflavones (phytoestrogens), such as soybeans, confers protection against various types of cancer, what increases the scientific and popular interest on these compounds. In the present study, phytoestrogens extracts from soybeans were tested for genotoxic potential and modulatory effects on benzo[a]pyrene and bleomycin. Two phytoestrogens were evaluated in vitro, phytoestrogen “A” was supplied by EMBRAPA-Soja, Londrina – PR, and phytoestrogen “B” was purchased in a local drug store. The methods used were the comet assay (genotoxicity and antigenotoxicity) and micronucleus test with cytokinesis block (mutagenicity) in rat hepatoma cells (HTC cell). The isoflavones were tested at three concentrations pre-established by the MTT cytotoxicity assay. Both isoflavone extracts showed no genotoxic effects in the comet assay, but showed induction of micronucleus. In the evaluation of the phytoestrogens for a modulatory effect, both phytoestrogens extracts showed antigenotoxicity in the comet assay.


Subject(s)
Soybeans , Phytoestrogens , Genotoxicity , Mutagenicity Tests
7.
Rev. bras. farmacogn ; 20(3): 340-347, jun.-jul. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-555913

ABSTRACT

A presente pesquisa avaliou a ação mutagênica e antimutagênica de um biopolímero de glucose extraído da Agrobacterium radiobacter (Biopolímero de Agrobacterium radiobacter). O experimento foi realizado com camundongos Swiss machos divididos em oito grupos. O tratamento com o biopolímero foi realizado por gavage em dose única concomitante a uma dose de solução tampão fosfato nos grupos de avaliação da mutagenicidade, ou ao agente indutor de danos no DNA, ciclofosfamida, na concentração de 50 mg/kg (peso corpóreo - p.c.), nos grupos de avaliação da antimutagenicidade. Utilizou-se o teste de micronúcleo em sangue periférico e a coleta de sangue foi realizada 24 e 48 h após a aplicação das substâncias-teste. A análise estatística demonstrou que o biopolímero não possui atividade mutagênica e que é efetivo em prevenir danos no DNA. As porcentagens de redução de danos nos grupos de antimutagenicidade foram de 83,9 por cento, 89,1 por cento e 103,1 por cento em 24 h e 101,24 por cento, 98,14 por cento e 120,64 por cento em 48 h para as doses de 75, 150 e 300mg/kg (p.c.), respectivamente. A alta porcentagem de redução de danos associada à ausência de efeitos mutagênicos indica, além da atividade quimioprotetora, a possibilidade do biopolímero ser um alimento funcional candidato à utilização como co-adjuvante na quimioterapia para prevenir efeitos colaterais.


This study evaluated the mutagenic and ant mutagenic action of a biopolymer of glucose extracted from Agrobacterium radiobacter (Biopolymer of Agrobacterium radiobacter). The experiment was conducted with Swiss male mice divided into eight groups. Treatment with the biopolymer was performed in a single dose by gavage at a dose of concomitant phosphate buffer groups in the evaluation of mutagenicity, or the agent of inducing DNA damage, cyclophosphamide, the concentration of 50 mg/kg (body weight --b.w.), in groups of assessment ant mutagenic. We used the micronucleus test in peripheral blood. The blood sample was held 24 and 48 h after application of the test substances. Statistical analysis showed that the biopolymer has no mutagenic activity and it is effective in preventing damage to DNA. The percentages of damage reduction in groups of ant mutagenic were 83.9 percent, 89.1 percent and 103.1 percent in 24 h and 101.24 percent, 98.14 percent and 120.64 percent at doses of 48 to 75, 150 and 300 mg/kg (b.w.) respectively. The high percentage of damage reduction associated with the absence of mutagenic effects indicates the possibility of biopolymer chemoprotection action. It can also be considered a functional food candidate to be used as co-adjuvant chemotherapy to prevent side effects.

8.
Genet. mol. biol ; 33(3): 542-548, 2010. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-555819

ABSTRACT

The common everyday use of medicinal plants is an ancient, and still very widespread practice, whereby the need for studies on their possible toxicity and mutagenic properties. The species Coccoloba mollis has been much used in phytotherapy, mainly in cases involving loss of memory and stress. In order to investigate its genotoxic and mutagenic potential, ethanolic extracts from the leaves and roots underwent Salmonella/microsome assaying (TA98 and TA100 strains, with and without exogenous metabolism - S9), besides comet and micronucleus tests in vivo.There was no significant increase in the number of revertants/plate of Salmonella strains in any of the analyzed root-extract concentrations, although the extract itself was extremely toxic to the Salmonella TA98 strain in the tests carried out with S9 (doses varying from 0.005 to 0.5 µg/plate). On the other hand, the leaf-extract induced mutations in the TA98 strain in the absence of S9 in the highest concentration evaluated, although at very low mutagenic potency (0.004 rev/µg). Furthermore, there was no statistically significant increase in the number of comets and micronuclei, in treatments involving Swiss mice. It was obvious that extracts of Coccoloba mollis, under the described experimental conditions, are not mutagenic.


Subject(s)
Animals , Microsomes , Plants, Medicinal , Salmonella , Comet Assay , Micronucleus Tests , Mutagenicity Tests , Polygonaceae
9.
Genet. mol. biol ; 33(1): 169-175, 2010. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-566128

ABSTRACT

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are genotoxic chemicals commonly found in effluents from oil refineries. Bioassays using plants and cells cultures can be employed for assessing environmental safety and potential genotoxicity. In this study, the genotoxic potential of an oil refinery effluent was analyzed by means of micronucleus (MN) testing of Alium cepa, which revealed no effect after 24 h of treatment. On the other hand, primary lesions in the DNA of rat (Rattus norvegicus) hepatoma cells (HTC) were observed through comet assaying after only 2 h of exposure. On considering the capacity to detect DNA damage of a different nature and of these cells to metabolize xenobiotics, we suggest the association of the two bioassays with these cell types, plant (Allium cepa) and mammal (HTC) cells, for more accurately assessing genotoxicity in environmental samples.

10.
Genet. mol. biol ; 33(1): 176-181, 2010. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-566142

ABSTRACT

An aqueous extract of Rhizophora mangle L. bark is used as raw material in pottery making in the State of Espirito Santo, Brazil. This extract presents large quantities of tannins, compounds possessing antioxidant properties. Tannin antioxidant activity, as a plant chemical defense mechanism in the process of stabilizing free radicals, has been an incentive to studies on anti-mutagenicity. The present work aimed to evaluate possible antimutagenic activity of a R. mangle aqueous extract, using the Allium cepa test-system and micronuclear (MN) assay with blockage of cytokinesis in Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1). The Allium cepa test-system indicated antimutagenic activity against the damage induced by the mutagenic agent methyl methanesulfonate. A reduction in both MN cell frequency and chromosome breaks occurred in both the pre and post-treatment protocols. The MN testing of CHO-K1 cells revealed anti-mutagenic activity of the R. mangle extract against methyl methanesulfonate and doxorubicin in pre, simultaneous and post-treatment protocols. These results suggest the presence of phyto-constituents in the extract presenting demutagenic and bio-antimutagenic activities. Since the chemical constitution of Rhizophora mangle species presents elevated tannin content, it is highly probable that these compounds are the antimutagenic promoters themselves.

11.
Arq. gastroenterol ; 46(4): 270-278, out.-dez. 2009. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-539620

ABSTRACT

Contexto: Embora incomuns, lesões traumáticas do pâncreas estão associadas a significativos níveis de complicações e mortalidade. OBJETIVO: Definir os fatores preditivos de morbidade e mortalidade em pacientes vítimas de trauma pancreático. MÉTODO: Foram estudados 131 pacientes atendidos pela Disciplina de Cirurgia do Trauma no Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas, SP, no período entre janeiro de 1994 a dezembro de 2007, com seus parâmetros epidemiológicos, fisiológicos e anatômicos, sendo comparados e analisados aos fatores preditivos de evolução, com estudo estatístico. Resultados: Trauma penetrante, com predomínio de ferimentos por projétil de arma de fogo ocorreu em 64 por cento dos casos. A maioria, 91,6 por cento, era do sexo masculino e a idade média de 29,8anos. A morbidade global foi de 64,9 por cento, com 29 por cento de complicações diretamente relacionadas ao pâncreas, como fístulas e sangramento. A mortalidade foi de 27,5 por cento, principalmente em decorrência de choque hipovolêmico e falência de múltiplos órgãos e sistemas. Houve maior morbidade e mortalidade em pacientes com lesões complexas (graus IV e V) do pâncreas quando comparadas com lesões menos graves (graus I e II), porém a morbidade e mortalidade neste grupo não foram desprezíveis, devido a valores alterados de escore de trauma revisado ("revised trauma score"), valores elevados de índice de gravidade da lesão ("injury severity score") e "abdominal trauma index". Conclusões: Valores alterados de "revised trauma score", pressão arterial sistólica menor que 90 mm Hg, valor de "injury severity score" menor ou igual a 15 e valor de "abdominal trauma index" maior ou igual a 25 são fatores relacionados a aumento da morbidade. Valores anormais de "revised trauma score", valores de "injury severity score" e "abdominal trauma index" superiores a 25, pressão arterial sistólica inferior a 90 mm Hg são fatores preditivos de aumento de mortalidade...


Context: Although relatively uncommon, traumatic pancreatic injury is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE: To define the predictors' factors of increase in the morbidity and mortality in patients with pancreatic trauma. METHOD: In this casuistic 131 patients were studied, since January 1994 through December 2007, with theirs epidemiological, physiological and anatomic parameters compared and the analysis of the predictive values for the occurrence of bad evolution, with an appropriate statistical study. Results: Penetrating trauma occurred in 64 percent and blunt trauma in 36 percent, and 91.6 percent was male. The mean age was 29,8 years. The global morbidity in this series was 64.9 percent with 29 percent prevalence of pancreas related complications, such as pancreatic fistula and bleeding occurrence. The overall mortality was 27.5 percent and occurred by hemorrhagic shock and multiple organs and system failed. CONCLUSIONS: Higher morbidity and mortality was related with complex injuries of the pancreas (grade IV and V), but morbidity and mortality in the group of injuries grade I and II are not minimal in patients with changed values of revised trauma score and high values of injury severity score and abdominal trauma index. Systolic blood pressure lower 90 mm Hg, changed values of revised trauma score index, values of injury severity score higher 15 and values of abdominal trauma index higher 25 are predictive factors of morbidity. Changed values of revised trauma score, values of injury severity score or abdominal trauma index higher 25, systolic blood pressure are predictive factors of mortality in patients with pancreatic trauma. Low values of TRISS are predictive of higher morbidity and mortality, but high values of TRISS are not predictives of satisfactory evolution.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Injury Severity Score , Pancreas/injuries , Wounds, Nonpenetrating/mortality , Wounds, Penetrating/mortality , Cohort Studies , Predictive Value of Tests , Prospective Studies , Survival Analysis , Wounds, Nonpenetrating/etiology , Wounds, Nonpenetrating/surgery , Wounds, Penetrating/etiology , Wounds, Penetrating/surgery , Young Adult
12.
Acta cir. bras ; 24(3): 211-215, May-June 2009. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-515804

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate in vitro lidocaine and racemic bupivacaine effects in neuromuscular transmission and in neuromuscular blockade produced by rocuronium. METHODS: Rats were distributed in 5 groups (n = 5) in agreement with the studied drugs: lidocaine, racemic bupivacaine, rocuronium, separately (Groups I, II, III); rocuronium in preparations exposed to local anesthetics (Groups IV, V). The concentrations used were: 20 µg/mL, 5 µg/mL and 4 µg/mL, for lidocaine, bupivacaine and rocuronium, respectively. It was evaluated: 1) amplitude of diaphragm muscle response to indirect stimulation, before and 60 minutes after separately addition of lidocaine, racemic bupivacaine and rocuronium and the association of local anesthetics - rocuronium; 2) membrane potentials (MP) and miniature end-plate potentials (MEPP). RESULTS: Lidocaine and bupivacaine separately didn't alter the amplitude of muscle response and MP. In preparations previously exposed to lidocaine and racemic bupivacaine, the rocuronium blockade was significantly larger (90.10 ± 9.15 percent and 100 percent, respectively), in relation to the produced by rocuronium separately (73.12 ± 9.89 percent). Lidocaine caused an increase in the frequency of MEPP, being followed by blockade; racemic bupivacaine produced decrease being followed by blockade. CONCLUSIONS: Local anesthetics potentiated the blockade caused by rocuronium. The alterations of MEPP identify presynaptic action.


OBJETIVO: Avaliar in vitro os efeitos da lidocaína e bupivacaína racêmica na transmissão neuromuscular e no bloqueio neuromuscular produzido pelo rocurônio. MÉTODOS: Ratos foram distribuídos em 5 grupos (n = 5) de acordo com a droga estudada: lidocaina, bupivacaína racêmica, rocurônio, isoladamente (Grupos I, II, III); rocurõnio em preparações expostas aos anestésicos locais (Grupos IV, V). As concentrações utilizadas foram: 20 µg/mL, 5 µg/mL e 4 µg/mL, para lidocaína, bupivacaína e rocurônio, respectivamente. Avaliou-se: 1) amplitude das respostas do músculo diafragma à estimulação indireta, antes e 60 minutos após a adição da lidocaína, bupivacaína racêmica e rocurônio isoladamente e da associação anestésicos locais - rocurônio; 2) potenciais de membrana (PM) e potenciais de placa terminal em miniatura (PPTM). RESULTADOS: A lidocaína e a bupivacaína isoladamente não alteraram a amplitude das respostas musculares e os PM. Nas preparações previamente expostas a lidocaína e a bupivacaína racêmica, o bloqueio com o rocurônio foi significativamente maior (90,10 ± 9,15 por cento e 100 por cento, respectivamente), em relação ao produzido pelo rocurônio isoladamente (73,12 ± 9,89 por cento). A lidocaína causou aumento na freqüência dos PPTM, seguido de bloqueio; a bupivacaína racêmica produziu diminuição seguida de bloqueio. CONCLUSÕES: Os anestésicos locais potencializaram o bloqueio causado pelo rocurônio. As alterações do PPTM identificam ação pré-sináptica.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Androstanols/pharmacology , Anesthetics, Local/pharmacology , Neuromuscular Blockade/methods , Neuromuscular Junction/drug effects , Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents/pharmacology , Phrenic Nerve/drug effects , Bupivacaine/pharmacology , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical , Diaphragm/innervation , Electric Stimulation , Lidocaine/pharmacology , Motor Endplate/drug effects , Rats, Wistar , Statistics, Nonparametric
13.
Acta cir. bras ; 24(3): 233-238, May-June 2009. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-515808

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To analyze influence of omentoplasty on anastomosis in descending colon of rats. Rats were submitted to the hypovolemic shock of the hemorrhagic type by the Biomechanical Test of Pressure of Rupture by Liquid Distension (BTPRLD). In addition, establish a type of acute anemia in rats that are provided to the study. METHODS: Comparative study between two groups of animals with ten rats in each one, all submitted to hemorrhagic shock for 30 percent volemic removal by the carotid artery. An anastomosis was performed in left colon. An anastomosis was performed in the left colon. Group 1 took place anastomosis with Polyvinyl Chloride (P.V.C) film to prevent the adhesions formation on sature line. Group 2 placed the great omentum around the anastomosis. Euthanasia occurred on the fifth day, when the anastomoses were submitted to the biomechanical test of pressure of rupture by liquid distension (BTPRLD). RESULTS: High rupture pressure was gained with omentoplasty group in relation to the group in which anastomosis was protected from adhesions formation. A statistical significance was noted. CONCLUSION: Protection by great omentum has increased the anastomosis resistance of the shocked animals. Also, the proposed hemorrhagic shock type has proven to be useful for this study.


OBJETIVO: Analisar a influência da omentoplastia sobre anastomose realizada em cólon descendente de ratos que foram submetidos a choque hipovolêmico do tipo hemorrágico, por meio do Teste Biomecânico de Pressão de Ruptura à Distensão por Líquido. Além disso, estabelecer modelo de anemia aguda em rato que se preste ao referido estudo. MÉTODOS: Estudo comparativo entre dois grupos de animais com 10 ratos em cada, todos submetidos a choque hemorrágico por retirada volêmica de 30 por cento através da artéria carótida, sendo realizada anastomose em cólon esquerdo. No grupo 1 realizou-se proteção da anastomose com película de polivinilcloreto para impedir a formação de aderências sobre a linha de sutura; no grupo 2 colocou-se em torno da anastomose o grande omento. A eutanásia deu-se no quinto dia, quando as anastomoses foram submetidas ao Teste Biomecânico Pressão de Ruptura à Distensão por Líquido (TBPRDL). RESULTADOS: Obteve-se maior pressão de ruptura no grupo em que se realizou a omentoplastia em relação ao grupo em que a anastomose foi protegida da formação de aderências, notando-se significância estatística. CONCLUSÃO: A proteção pelo grande omento aumentou a resistência das anastomoses dos animais chocados. Também, o modelo de choque hemorrágico proposto mostrou-se útil para este estudo.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Colon/surgery , Colonic Diseases/surgery , Omentum/surgery , Shock, Hemorrhagic/complications , Wound Healing/physiology , Analysis of Variance , Anastomosis, Surgical , Disease Models, Animal , Rats, Wistar , Statistics, Nonparametric
14.
Rev. Col. Bras. Cir ; 35(6): 397-405, nov.-dic. 2008. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-506253

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Identificar os fatores preditivos de complicações e mortalidade em doentes operados com trauma hepático. MÉTODO: Estudo retrospectivo de 638 pacientes tratados no período de 1990 a 2003, identificando estatisticamente parâmetros epidemiológicos, fisiológicos e anatômicos associados com maior morbidade e mortalidade. RESULTADOS: Trauma penetrante foi o mecanismo mais freqüente. A instabilidade hemodinâmica esteve presente em 21,1 por cento das vítimas e o Índice de Gravidade das Lesões anatômicas (ISS) médio foi de 20,7. A maioria das lesões hepáticas foi grau III. A morbidade foi de 50,4 por cento, sendo as complicações relacionadas ao fígado mais freqüentes: sangramento persistente (9,8 por cento), abscesso intraperitoneal (3,8 por cento) e fístula biliar (3 por cento). As complicações não hepáticas ocorreram em 273 pacientes (42,8 por cento). A mortalidade foi de 22,1 por cento (141 casos) decorrente principalmente de sangramento persistente e sepse. As vítimas fatais apresentaram-se com pior índice fisiológico na admissão, com lesões hepáticas mais complexas e índices anatômicos mais graves quando comparadas aos sobreviventes. CONCLUSÃO: Os fatores preditivos de ocorrência de complicações hepáticas foram: idade maior que 60 anos, instabilidade hemodinâmica ou alteração de parâmetros fisiológicos na admissão, presença de lesões hepáticas complexas (grau > III) e índices anatômicos de gravidade de lesão abdominal (ATI) ou em outros segmentos corpóreos (ISS) elevados (= 25). Todas estas variáveis, mais a presença de lesões associadas abdominais e não abdominais e o mecanismo de trauma fechado foram preditivas de ocorrência de complicações não-hepáticas. Todos os fatores estudados, exceto a presença de lesões associadas abdominais, foram preditivos para a evolução a óbito.


BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate predictive factors of morbidity and mortality in patients operated on for liver trauma. METHODS: Six hundred thirty eight patients were studied from 1990 to 2003 regarding their epidemiologic, physiologic and anatomic data and the predictive values associated with complications and death were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: Penetrating trauma was the most frequent mechanism of trauma. Hemodynamic instability occurred in 21.1 percent of the victims and mean Injury Severity Score (ISS) was 20.7. Most liver injuries were grade III. Morbidity was 50.4 percent and the most common liver related complications were: persistent bleeding (9.8 percent); intraperitoneal abscess (3.8 percent) and biliary fistula (3 percent). Complications not related to the liver occurred in 273 patients (42.8 percent). Mortality was 22.1 percent (141 cases), and it occurred mainly due to persistent bleeding and sepsis. Fatal victims were more unstable during admission, with worst physiological status, more complex liver injuries and higher anatomical scores when in comparison with the other patients. CONCLUSION: We found that the predictive factors for liver complications were: age higher than 60 years-old, hemodynamic instability and altered physiological status during admission, complex liver injuries (grade > III), and higher anatomical scores (Abdominal Trauma Index and ISS = 25). All these variables, and the existence of associated abdominal and extra-abdominal injuries, and blunt mechanism of trauma were predictive of the occurrence of liver unrelated complications. All the studied factors, except for associated abdominal injuries, were predictive of death.

15.
São Paulo med. j ; 126(6): 337-341, Nov. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-507490

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVES: Significant controversy exists regarding the best surgical treatment for complex duodenal injuries. The aims of this study were to report on a series of eight cases of duodenal repairs using pyloric exclusion and to describe reported complications or improvements in clinical outcomes among patients with complex duodenal trauma. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study followed by a case series in a university hospital. METHODS: Data on eight patients with duodenal trauma who underwent pyloric exclusion over a 17.5 year period were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: The causes of the injuries included penetrating gunshot wounds (GSW) in five patients and motor vehicle accidents (blunt trauma) in three patients. The time elapsed until surgery was longer in the blunt trauma group, while in one patient, the gunshot injury was initially missed and thus the procedure was carried out 36 hours after the original injury. The injuries were grade III (50 percent) or IV (50 percent) and the morbidity rate was 87.5 percent. Four patients (50 percent) died during the postoperative period from complications, including hypovolemic shock (one patient), sepsis (peritonitis following the missed injury) and pancreatitis with an anastomotic fistula (two patients). CONCLUSIONS: Pyloric exclusion was associated with multiple complications and a high mortality rate. This surgical technique is indicated for rare cases of complex injury to the duodenum and the surgeon should be aware that treatment with a minimalistic approach, with only primary repair, may be ideal.


CONTEXTO E OBJETIVOS: Há controvérsias a respeito do melhor tratamento cirúrgico para as lesões duodenais complexas. O objetivo deste estudo é relatar uma série de oito casos de reparo duodenal utilizando a exclusão pilórica e descrever a evolução dos pacientes com trauma duodenal complexo submetidos a este procedimento. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo transversal e descrição de série de casos em hospital universitário. MÉTODOS: Foram coletadas e analisadas as informações de oito pacientes com trauma duodenal submetidos à exclusão pilórica em um período de 17,5 anos. RESULTADOS: Os mecanismos de trauma envolvidos foram ferimentos por projétil de arma de fogo em cinco pacientes e acidente automobilístico em três pacientes. O atraso do tratamento cirúrgico foi maior nos pacientes vítimas de trauma fechado, e em um paciente a lesão pelo projétil passou despercebida, sendo o procedimento cirúrgico realizado em nova laparotomia após 36 horas. As lesões duodenais encontradas foram grau III (50 por cento) ou grau IV (50 por cento), e a taxa de morbidade foi de 87,5 por cento. Quatro pacientes (50 por cento) morreram durante o período pós-operatório, de complicações como choque hipovolêmico (um caso), sepse (peritonite por ferimento não identificado), ou pancreatite associada à fístula da anastomose (dois casos). CONCLUSÕES: A exclusão pilórica esteve associada à alta taxa de morbimortalidade. Esta técnica cirúrgica deve ser indicada em poucos casos de lesão complexa de duodeno e o cirurgião deve saber que, frente a uma lesão duodenal, a sutura primária pode ser o melhor tratamento.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Duodenum/injuries , Pylorus/surgery , Wounds, Gunshot/surgery , Wounds, Nonpenetrating/surgery , Abdominal Injuries/etiology , Abdominal Injuries/mortality , Abdominal Injuries/surgery , Accidents, Traffic , Cross-Sectional Studies , Duodenum/surgery , Young Adult
16.
Acta cir. bras ; 23(4): 343-347, July-Aug. 2008. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-486171

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate in vitro and in vivo neuromuscular blockade produced by rocuronium in rats treated with Phenobarbital and to determine cytochrome P450 and cytochrome b5 concentrations in hepatic microsomes. METHODS: Thirty rats were included in the study and distributed into 6 groups of 5 animals each. Rats were treated for seven days with phenobarbital (20 mg/kg) and the following parameters were evaluated: 1) the amplitude of muscle response in the preparation of rats exposed to phenobarbital; 2) rocuronium effect on rat preparation exposed or not to phenobarbital; 3) concentrations of cytochrome P450 and cytochrome b5 in hepatic microsomes isolated from rats exposed or not to phenobarbital. The concentration and dose of rocuronium used in vitro and in vivo experiments were 4 µg/mL and 0,6 mg/kg, respectively. RESULTS: Phenobarbital in vitro and in vivo did not alter the amplitude of muscle response. The neuromuscular blockade in vitro produced by rocuronium was significantly different (p=0.019) between exposed (20 percent) and not exposed (60 percent) rats; the blockade in vivo was significantly greater (p=0.0081) in treated rats (93.4 percent). The enzymatic concentrations were significantly greater in rats exposed to phenobarbital. CONCLUSIONS: Phenobarbital alone did not compromise neuromuscular transmission. It produced enzymatic induction, and neuromuscular blockade in vivo produced by rocuronium was potentiated by phenobarbital.


OBJETIVO: Avaliar in vitro e in vivo o bloqueio neuromuscular produzido pelo rocurônio em ratos tratados com fenobarbital e determinar as concentrações de citocromo P450 e b5 em microssomos hepáticos. MÉTODOS: Trinta ratos foram incluídos no estudo e distribuídos em seis grupos de cinco animais cada. Ratos foram tratados por sete dias com fenobarbital (20 mg/kg) e avaliou-se: 1) amplitude das respostas musculares em preparação de ratos expostos ao fenobarbital; 2) o efeito do rocurônio em preparações de ratos expostos ou não ao fenobarbital; 3) as concentrações de citocromo P450 e b5 em microssomos isolados de fígados dos ratos expostos ou não ao fenobarbital. A concentração e dose de rocurônio utilizadas nos experimentos in vitro e in vivo foram respectivamente de 4 µg/mL e 0,6 mg/kg. RESULTADOS: In vitro e in vivo, o fenobarbital não alterou a amplitude das respostas musculares. In vitro, o bloqueio produzido pelo rocurônio foi significativamente diferente (p=0.019) entre expostos (20 por cento) e não expostos (60 por cento); in vivo o bloqueio foi significativamente maior (p=0.0081) nos ratos tratados (93,4 por cento). As concentrações enzimáticas foram significativamente maiores nos ratos expostos ao fenobarbital. CONCLUSÕES: O fenobarbital isoladamente não comprometeu a transmissão neuromuscular. Ocasionou indução enzimática, e in vivo o bloqueio com o rocurônio foi potencializado pelo fenobarbital.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Androstanols/pharmacokinetics , Hypnotics and Sedatives/pharmacology , Neuromuscular Blockade/methods , Neuromuscular Junction/drug effects , Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents/pharmacokinetics , Phenobarbital/pharmacology , /analysis , /analysis , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical , Microsomes, Liver/enzymology , Synaptic Transmission/drug effects , Synaptic Transmission/physiology
17.
Acta cir. bras ; 23(3): 237-242, May-June 2008. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-484382

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of hemorrhagic shock in colonic anastomoses in rats, with a rupture by liquid distension resistance test. METHODS: Wistar lineage rats, averaging 90 days old and weighing from 310 to 380 grams were divided into two groups. In the first group (G1), 10 animals were submitted to colonic anastomoses in normovolemic terms and the second group (G2), of 10 animals, was submitted to colonic anastomoses in hypovolemic conditions. The shock was caused by half milliliter of blood withdrawn, every two minutes, until the value of average 50mmHg arterial pressure or a total volume corresponding 30 percent withdrawal of volemia was reached. Serum lactate dosages were carried out at the beginning and end of the procedure. The average serum lactate values at the end of the surgery were 1.91 mmol/l in G1 group and 3.69 mmol/l in G2 group (p<0.05). On the fifth postoperative day, the animals were euthanized. The anastomoses were evaluated with a rupture by liquid distension resistance test. RESULTS: In G1, the average value of colonic rupture was 160.7 mmHg whereas in G2 it was 152.1mmHg (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Hemorrhagic shock, under the established conditions of this study, had no influence on colonic anastomoses in rats evaluated with the rupture by liquid distention resistance test.


OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito do choque hemorrágico em anastomoses de cólon em ratos, com teste de ruptura à distensão por líquido. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados ratos da linhagem Wistar, com idade aproximada de 90 dias e peso variando de 310 gramas a 380 gramas. Os animais foram divididos em dois grupos, sendo o grupo G1, composto por 10 animais submetidos à anastomose de cólon em condições de normovolemia e o grupo G2, composto por 10 animais submetidos à anastomose de cólon em condições de hipovolemia. O choque foi instalado através da retirada de meio mililitro de sangue a cada dois minutos, até que se atingissem valores de pressão arterial média (PAM) de 50mmHg ou volume total de retirada correspondente a 30 por cento da volemia. Foram realizadas dosagens séricas de lactato (mmol/l) no início do procedimento e ao término do mesmo. Os valores séricos médios de lactato ao término da cirurgia foram de 1,91 mmMol/l no grupo G1 e de 3,69 mmMol/l no grupo G2 (p<0,05) No quinto dia de pós-operatório, os animais foram submetidos à eutanásia e tiveram suas anastomoses testadas por teste de resistência à pressão de ruptura à distensão por líquido. RESULTADOS: No grupo G1, o valor médio da pressão de ruptura do cólon à distensão por líquido foi de 160,7mmHg enquanto que no grupo G2 foi de 152,1mmHg (p>0,05). CONCLUSÃO: A presença de choque hemorrágico, nas condições estabelecidas neste estudo, não exerce influência em anastomoses de cólon em ratos, avaliadas com teste de ruptura à distensão por líquido.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Colon/injuries , Shock, Hemorrhagic/complications , Anastomosis, Surgical , Biomarkers/blood , Colon/pathology , Colon/surgery , Disease Models, Animal , Dilatation, Pathologic/pathology , Hypovolemia/etiology , Hypovolemia/pathology , Lactic Acid/blood , Rats, Wistar , Rupture/pathology , Stress, Mechanical , Shock, Hemorrhagic/pathology , Shock, Hemorrhagic/surgery , Surgical Wound Dehiscence/etiology , Surgical Wound Dehiscence/pathology
18.
Semina cienc. biol. saude ; 29(1): 75-82, jan.-jun. 2008. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-514304

ABSTRACT

A clorofilina (CHLN), derivado sintético da clorofila com atividade antimutagênica, foi analisada quanto a sua atividade antiviral para o poliovírus em culturas de células HEp-2. A droga foi avaliada quanto às atividades virucida, profilática e terapêutica na multiplicação do poliovirus em culturas de célulasHEp-2, nas concentrações de 0,5 e 2,5 µg/mL. A inibição do título viral e a reação de imunofluorescência foram utilizadas para avaliação. A CHLN inibiu a multiplicação do poliovírus nos três protocolos de tratamento, porém foi mais efetiva no tratamento virucida inibindo em 95,7 por cento a multiplicação viral na concentração de 2,5 µg/mL. A CHLN reduziu o número de células infectadas com fluorescência específica, nos tratamentos virucida, e terapêutico, 8h e 10h pós-infecção, nas duas concentrações (0,5e 2,5 µg/mL) . Sugere-se que a CHLN tem uma ação direta na partícula viral ou provavelmente age nos estágios iniciais da multiplicação do poliovirus.


Chlorophyllin (CHLN), a semisynthetic derivative of chlorophyll with antimutagenic properties, wasassayed for its antiviral effect on the replication of poliovirus in cell culture. The drug was tested forthe virucide, prophylactic and therapeutic activities on the replication of the poliovirus in HEp-2 cellscultures, at concentrations of 0.5 and 2.5 µg/mL. Virus titration and an indirect immunofluorescencetest were used for the evaluation. The CHLN inhibited poliovirus replication in all treatment protocols;however, it was more effective on virucide treatment, with a 95.7 percent reduction in viral multiplication atconcentration of 2.5 µg/mL. CHLN reduced the number of specifically fluorescent infected cells in bothvirucide and therapeutic treatments, 8h and 10h post-infection, at both concentrations (0.5 and 2.5 µg/mL). It is suggested that CHLN either has a direct action on the virus particles or acts on the initial stage of the polivirus replication.


Subject(s)
Poliovirus
19.
Acta cir. bras ; 23(2): 192-197, Mar.-Apr. 2008. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-478757

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to compare patients with "isolated" blunt small bowel injury (SBI) to patients with multiple intra-abdominal injuries and analyze whether delayed laparotomy affected outcome. METHODS: Medical records of patients that suffered a blunt SBI between 1994 and 2005 were reviewed. The patients were divided into two groups: those with isolated SBI and those with other associated intra-abdominal injuries ("non-isolated"). The method of diagnosis, time to operation, small bowel Organ Injury Scale (OIS) assessment (grade > 2), injury severity score (ISS), morbidity, and mortality were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 90 patients met the inclusion criteria, including 62 (68.9 percent) isolated cases and 28 (31.1 percent) non-isolated cases. Isolated cases required more supplementary diagnostic methods than the non-isolated cases. Non-isolated cases had a shorter diagnosis to treatment period (p < .01) and a higher ISS (mean 22.5 vs. 17.2 in "isolated" group). Morbidity (51.6 percent and 53.6 percent) and mortality (16.1 percent and 28.6 percent) did not differ significantly between the isolated and non-isolated groups. Delays in diagnosis were common in the isolated group, but this did not affect outcome. Patients with associated injuries, and higher ISS, had higher mortality. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of associated intra-abdominal injuries significantly affected the presentation and time to diagnosis of patients with SBI, but not morbidity or mortality. Delayed surgical treatment in the isolated cases was not associated with an increased incidence of complications. Patients inflicted with more severe associated injuries were less likely to survive the trauma.


OBJETIVO: Comparar pacientes com lesão "isolada" de intestino delgado com pacientes com lesões abdominais "associadas" e analisar o quanto o retardo para indicação de laparotomia influenciou na evolução dos pacientes. MÉTODOS: Foram revisados os prontuários de pacientes com trauma abdominal fechado e lesão de intestino delgado no período de 1994 a 2005, sendo os pacientes divididos em dois grupos: lesão "isolada" e lesões abdominais "associadas". Foram analisados os métodos diagnósticos, intervalo de tempo para a cirurgia, gravidade da lesão de delgado (grau > 2), ISS e morbimortalidade dos pacientes. RESULTADOS: Noventa pacientes preencheram os critérios de inclusão, 62 (68,9 por cento) no grupo "isolada" e 28 (31,1 por cento) no "associada". Pacientes do grupo "isolada" necessitaram mais de métodos diagnósticos complementares. O tempo de diagnóstico até o tratamento foi significantemente menor no grupo "associada", e estes pacientes apresentavam ISS mais elevado (média de 22,5 versus 17,2 no grupo "isolada"). A morbidade e mortalidade nos grupos foram, respectivamente, 51,6 por cento e 16,1 por cento no grupo "isolada", e 53,6 por cento e 28,6 por cento no "associada", sem diferença estatística. Demora para o diagnóstico foi comum no grupo "isolada", porém sem agravar a evolução dos pacientes. Pacientes com lesões "associadas", quantificadas pelo ISS, tiveram maior mortalidade. CONCLUSÃO: A presença de lesões abdominais "associadas" significativamente interferiu no quadro clínico e momento do diagnóstico em pacientes com lesão de delgado, porém não influenciou na morbimortalidade. No grupo "isolada" a demora para tratamento cirúrgico foi freqüente, porém sem interferir nas complicações. A elevada mortalidade foi reflexo da gravidade de lesões associadas.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Abdominal Injuries/complications , Ileum/injuries , Jejunum/injuries , Wounds, Nonpenetrating/complications , Abdominal Injuries/mortality , Abdominal Injuries/surgery , Case-Control Studies , Ileum/surgery , Jejunum/surgery , Laparotomy , Retrospective Studies , Time Factors , Trauma Severity Indices , Wounds, Nonpenetrating/mortality , Wounds, Nonpenetrating/surgery , Young Adult
20.
Acta cir. bras ; 23(2): 208-215, Mar.-Apr. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-478760

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The purpose of the present study is to analyze the results of subxiphoid pericardial window (SPW) and transdiaphragmatic pericardial window (TDP) procedures comparing the two techniques. METHODS: During the period of January, 1994 to December, 2004, at UNICAMP, 245 patients underwent a pericardial window (PW) procedure to evaluate the possibility of cardiac injury. We reviewed the medical records of those patients in order to compare both procedures. RESULTS: Two hundred and seven patients (84.5 percent) underwent the SPW procedure, and 38 (15.5 percent) underwent the TDP procedure. Of the patients who underwent a SPW procedure, 151 (72.9 percent) had gunshots injuries, and 56 (27.1 percent) had stab wounds. In the group of patients submitted to TDP procedure, the wound was caused by gunshot in 26 (68.4 percent). The SPW method has shown a sensitivity of 97.5 percent, specificity of 95.8 percent, and an accuracy of 96.1 percent. The TDP method demonstrated a sensitivity of 100 percent, specificity of 97 percent and a 97.4 percent of accuracy rate. This review showed 8 (3.3 percent) false positive results. There was a single case (2.6 percent) of complications directly associated to the TDP, and this patient developed pericarditis. CONCLUSIONS: Both techniques presented an equally great result, with high sensitivity and specificity. Both surgical techniques must be carefully done to avoid false positive results.


OBJETIVO: Analisar os resultados da janela pericárdica subxifóidea (JPSX) e da janela pericárdica transdiafragmática (JPTD), comparando as duas técnicas. MÉTODOS: Durante o período entre Janeiro de 1994 a Dezembro de 2004, 245 pacientes foram submetidos à janela pericárdica (JP) na Unicamp, a fim de avaliar a presença de lesão cardíaca. Foram revisadas as informações destes pacientes a fim de comparar as técnicas de JP. RESULTADOS: Duzentos e sete (84,5 por cento) pacientes foram submetidos à JPSX, e 38 (15,5 por cento) à JPTD. Dos pacientes que realizaram a JPSX, 151 (72,9 por cento) foram vítimas de lesões provocadas por projétil de arma de fogo (FPAF), e 56 (27,1 por cento) por arma branca (FAB). Em relação aos pacientes submetidos à JPTD, o ferimento foi causado por FPAF em 26 (68,4 por cento). O método JPSX teve uma sensibilidade de 97,5 por cento, especificidade de 95,8 por cento, e uma acurácia de 96,1 por cento. A JPTD resultou numa sensibilidade de 100 por cento, especificidade de 97 por cento e 97,4 por cento de acurácia. Em 8 pacientes (3,3 por cento) o resultado foi falso-positivo. Houve um único caso (2,6 por cento) de complicação diretamente relacionada à JPTD. CONCLUSÕES: Ambas as técnicas apresentaram um bom resultado, com alta sensibilidade e especificidade. Entretanto, estes procedimentos cirúrgicos devem ser efetuados com cuidado, a fim de evitar resultados falso-positivos.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Heart Injuries/diagnosis , Pericardial Window Techniques , Heart Injuries/etiology , Sensitivity and Specificity , Wounds, Gunshot/complications , Wounds, Stab/complications , Young Adult
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